Scientists and not only for many years tried to create a perpetual motion machine. Not all attempts were successful, but some definitely deserve attention. Many are interested technology of inexhaustible energy and want to try to make a perpetual motion machine with their own hands. It is always interesting to learn about what a perpetual motion machine is, whether it is possible to assemble it and how to do it.

What it is

Any device that works at the expense of any energy will stop working if it is disconnected from the source of this very energy. A perpetual motion machine solves this problem: once you turn it on, you don’t have to worry that the battery will run out or the gas will run out and it will turn off. The idea of ​​creating such a device excited the minds of people for quite a long time, and there were a lot of attempts to create a perpetual motion machine.

Such a device should have an efficiency of more than one hundred percent. That is, the amount of energy produced must be greater than the amount received, so that the engine can maintain itself in working order and at the same time give out some energy for third-party tasks.

Since such a system should work forever (or at least for a very long time), then to it there are special requirements:

• Full time job. This is logical, because if the engine stops, then it is not so eternal.
• Parts that are as durable as possible. If our engine is to run forever, then its individual parts must be as wear-resistant as possible.

Scientific hypotheses

The scientific community does not deny the creation of such a device. True, in the eyes of scientists, it is not just a set of moving parts or cones with mercury inside. It must be a more complex device, powered by aether or vacuum energy. Ether is a kind of all-penetrating medium that vibrates and generates electromagnetic waves. The existence of the ether, by the way, has not been proven.

It's no secret that in our universe there are gravitational forces. Now they are at rest, as they are balanced by each other. But if the balance is disturbed, all these forces will come into motion. A similar principle can theoretically be used in a gravitational perpetual motion machine. True, so far no one has succeeded in doing this.

Magnetic gravity engine

Everything is a little simpler here than in the previous version. To create such a device, permanent magnets and loads of certain parameters are needed. It works like this : at the center of the spinning wheel there is a main magnet, and around it (at the edges of the wheel) auxiliary magnets and weights are located. Magnets interact with each other, and the loads are in motion and move either closer to the center of rotation, or further. Thus, the center of mass shifts, and the wheel rotates.

The easiest option

To create it, you need simple materials:

• Plastic bottle.
• Thin tubes.
• Pieces of wood (boards).

The bottle must be cut into two parts horizontally. Insert a wooden partition into the lower part, in which to make a hole in advance and come up with a plug for it. After that, a thin tube is taken and installed in such a way that she passed from bottom to top through the septum. Any gaps in the component parts must be sealed to prevent air from entering the bottom of the bottle.

Through a hole in the tree, you need to pour into the lower part of an evaporating liquid (gasoline, freon). In this case, the liquid level should not reach not to the tree, but to the cut of the tube. Then the plug is closed, and a little of the same liquid is poured on top. Now you should close this design with the top of the bottle and put it in a warm place. After a while, liquid will begin to drip from the top of the tube.

The thing is that the liquid seeps through the tree. The air inside is "locked" and begins to heat the liquid around it. It, in turn, evaporates and goes up, cools and settles on the tree, which closes the circle. Thus, the liquid simply circulates within the system.

Water version of a perpetual motion machine

This is a fairly simple design that can be built even at home. You will need a couple of flasks, valves for them, one large container of water and several tubes. Based on the picture, you can assemble such a device - it will pump water.

This theme very interesting and captivating. Scientists all over the world puzzled over this mythical device. There were many charlatans who passed off their ingenious machines as eternally running engines. To date, no one has been able to create such a device. Many scientists deny the possibility of the existence of such a machine, as it violates the fundamental laws of physics.

The current model of the magnetic motor MD-500-RUwith speed

rotation up to 500 rpm.

The following variants of magnetic motors (DM) are known:

1. Magnetic motors, working only due to forcesinteraction of magnetic fields, without control device(synchronization), i.e. without energy consumption from an external source. Perendev, Wankel et al.

2. Impulse magnetic motors operating due to interaction forcesmagnetic fields , with a control unit (CU) or synchronization device, which require an external power source to operate.

The use of control devices allows you to get on the shaft MDincreased power value, in comparison with the MD mentioned above. This type of MD is easier to manufacture and adjust to the modemaximum rotation speed.
3. Manitny engines using1 and 2 options, for example MDHarry Paul Sprain, Minato and others.

***

Model of a modified version of a working impulse magnetic motor
(MD-RU)

with control device (synchronization),providing rotation speed up to 500 rpm.

1. Technical parameters of the MD_RU engine: .

Number of magnets 8 , 600 Gs.
Electromagnet 1 PC.
RadiusRdisk 0,08 m.
Weightmdisk 0.75 k G .

Disc rotation speed 500 rpm

Revolutions per second 8,333 rpm..
Disc rotation period 0.12 sec. (60sec/500rpm=0.12sec).
Disc angular velocity ω= 6.28/0.12 = 6.28/(60/500) =52,35 glad ./sec.
Disk line speedV= R * ω = 0.08* 52,35 = 4,188 m/sec.
2. Calculation of the main energy indicators of MD.
Total moment of inertia of the disk:
Jpmi = 0,5 * m To G * R 2 = 0,5*0,75*(0,08) 2 = 0,0024 [To G * m 2 ].
Kenetic energy wkeon the motor shaft :
wke = 0,5* Jpmi* ω 2 \u003d 0.5 * 0,0024 *(52,35) 2 = 3,288 j/sec= 3,288 W*sec.
In the calculations, the "Handbook of Physics", B.M. Yavorsky and A.A. Detlaf, and TSB.

3. Having received the result of calculating the kinetic energy on the shaft of the disk (rotor) in

watts ( 3,288 ), to calculateenergy efficiency of this type of MD,

it is necessary to calculate the power consumedcontrol device(sync).Power consumed by the control device (synchronization) in watts, reduced to 1 second:

for one second, the control device consumes current forthroughout 0,333 sec, because for the passage of one magnet, the electromagnet consumes current for 0,005 sec., magnets 8 , there are 8.33 revolutions in one second, sothe time of current consumption by the control device is equal to the product:

0,005 *8 *8,33 rpm = 0 ,333 sec.
- Supply voltage control device 12 IN.
- Current consumed by the device 0,13 A.
- Time of current consumption throughout 1 seconds equals - 0,333 sec.
Hence the power Ruu, consumed by the device for 1 second of continuous rotation of the disk will be:
Puu= U* A= 12 * 0.13A * 0.333 sec. = 0,519 W*sec.
It's in ( 3 ,288 W*sec) /( 0,519 W*sec) = 6,33 once more power consumed by the control device.

Fragment of the design MD.

4. CONCLUSIONS:
It is obvious that a magnetic motor operating due to the forces of interaction of magnetic fields with a control device (CU) or synchronization, which requires an external power source, the power consumption of which is much less than the power on the MD shaft.

5. A sign of the normal operation of the magnetic motor is that if, after preparing for work, it is slightly pushed, it will, further, itself begin to spin up to its maximum speed. .
6. Keep in mind, this kind of engine rotated at 500 rpm. no load on the shaft. To obtain an electric voltage generator on its basis, a direct or alternating current generator should be mounted on its axis of rotation. In this case, the rotation speed will naturally decrease depending on the strength of the magnetic force.clutch in the gap stotor - the rotor of the generator used.

7. The manufacture of a magnetic motor requires the availability of a material, technical and tool base, without which, in practice, it is impossible to manufacture devices of this kind. This can be seen from the description of patents and other sources of information on
topic under consideration.

For this type of MD, the most suitable are magnets "middle square"
K-40-04-02-N (up to 40 x 4 x 2 mm long) with magnetization N40 and clutch 1 - 2kg.
***

8. Considered view of a magnetic motor with a synchronization device

(management of the inclusion of an electromagnet) refers to the most affordable type of MD, which are called pulsed magnetic motors.The figure shows one of the known variants of pulsed MD with an electromagnet, "acting as a piston", similar to a toy. In a real utility model, the diameter of a wheel (flywheel), for example,bicycle wheel, must be at least a meter and, accordingly, the path of movement of the electromagnet core must be longer.

Creating a pulsed MD is only 50% of the way to achieving the goal - manufacturing a source electrical energy with increased efficiency. Speed ​​and torque on the MD axis must be sufficient to rotate the alternator or DC generator and obtain the maximum value of the received power at the output, which also depends on the speed of rotation.

8 . Similar MD:
1. MagneticWankelMotor, http :// www. syscoil. org/ index. php? cmd=nav& cid=116
The power of this model is only sufficient toto stir the air, nevertheless she shows the wayto achieve the goal.

2. HARRYPAULSPRAIN
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCANbMBujjQ&mode=related

3 . perpetual motion machine " PERENDEV"
Many do not believe, but it works!
Cm: http://www. perendev-power. en /
Patent MD "PERENDEV":
ht tp :// v 3.espacenet. com/textdoc? DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO2006045333&F=0
The engine-generator for 100 kW costs 24,000 euros.
Expensive, so some craftsmen make it with their own hands in 1/4 scale
(photo above).

Drawing of the operating layout of the developed pulsed magnetic motor
MD-500-RU, supplemented asynchronous generator alternating current.

New designs of perpetual magnetic motors:
1. http :// www. youtube. com/watch? v=9 qF3 v9 LZmfQ& feature= related

From the translation of the comment and answers of the author follows :

Author magnetic motor( perpetuum )uses a fan motorthe axle of which is mounted a wheel with permanent magnets, two or threefixed coils, which are wound in two wires.

A transistor is connected to the terminals of each coil. The coils contain a magnetic core.Wheel magnets, slipping past the coils with magnets, induce emf in them,sufficient for the occurrence of generation in the coil-transistor circuit, thengenerator voltage through, presumably, a matching device, enters the windingsa motor that turns a wheel, etc.

details of hisperpetuum author invention does not reveal why he is called a charlatan. Well, as usual.

***

Magnetic engine Lego ( perpetuum ).

It is based on elements from the LEGO building kit.

Slow scrolling video - it becomes clear why this thingrotates continuously .

3. "Forbidden design" perpetual motion machine with two pistons.Contrary to the well-known "it cannot be", slowly - but it rotates .

In it about simultaneous use of gravity and the interaction of magnets.

***

4. Gravity-magnetic engine.

It looks like a very simple device, but it is not known whether it will pull the generator

direct or alternating current?After all, simply spinning the wheel is not enough.

The given types of magnetic motors (marked: perpetuum), even if they work, they are very weak. Therefore, in order for them to become effective for practical use, their dimensions will inevitably have to be increased, withIn this way, they should not lose their important property: to rotate continuously.

The country "rocking chair" of the Serbian inventor V. Milkovich, which,Oddly enough, it works.
http://www.veljkomilkovic.com/OscilacijeEng.html

Short translation:
A simple mechanism with new mechanical effects, which is a source of energy. The machine has only two main parts: a huge arm on the axle and a swingarm. The interaction of a two-stage lever multiplies the input energy convenient for useful work (mechanical hammer, press, pump, electric generator...). For a complete introduction to scientific research see vidio.

1 - "Anvil", 2 - Mechanical hammer with a pendulum, 3 - Hammer lever axis, 4 - Physical pendulum.
The best results have been achieved when the axis of the arm and pendulum are on
the same height, but slightly above the center of mass, as shown in the figure.
The machine uses the difference in potential energy between the state of weightlessness in the position (up) and the state of maximum force (effort) (down) during the energy generation process of the pendulum. This is true for centrifugal force, for which the force is zero at the top position and reaches its greatest value at the bottom position, where the speed is maximum. The physical pendulum is used as the main link of the generator with a lever and a pendulum.
After many years of trials, consultations and public presentations, many
was said about this car. Simplicity of design for self-manufacturing at home.
The effectiveness of the model can be due to the increase in mass, as the ratio of the weight (mass) of the lever to the surface of the hammer striking the "anvil".
According to the theory of generation, the oscillatory movements of the "rocking chair" are difficult to analyze.
***
Tests have shown the importance of the frequency synchronization process in each model. The generation of a physical pendulum must occur from the first start and then be maintained independently, but only at a certain speed, otherwise the input energy will decay and disappear.
The hammer works more efficiently with a short pendulum (in the pump), but for a long time (longest) work with an elongated pendulum.
The additional acceleration of the pendulum is a consequence of gravity. If you apply

To the formula: Ek \u003d M (V1 + V 2) / 2

And to calculate the excess energy, it becomes clear that it is due to the potential energy of gravity. Kinetic energy can be increased by increasing gravity (mass).

Demonstration of the device.
***

RUSSIAN ROCKING CHAIR (resonant to rocker RU)

3. Of greatest interest is the free energy generator source powered direct current 12 - 15V, which "pulls" several 220V incandescent lamps at the output.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_kCVhG-jl0&feature=player_embedded
However, the author does not disclose technical features manufacturing of this type of electric energy generator, with the so-called self-feeding.
A frame from this video clip.

For whom do talented seekers of "free energy" create such devices?

For yourself, for a potential investor or for someone else? The work, as a rule, ends with the well-known wording: I got a "technical miracle", but I won't tell anyone how.
However, this kind of self-feeding generator is worth some work.
It contains a 15-20 V direct current source, a 4700 μF capacitor connected in parallel to the power source, a high voltage transistor generator (2-5 kV), an arrester and a coil containing several windings wound on a core
assembled from ferrite rings (D ~ 40mm). You will have to deal with it, look for a similar design from many similar ones. Naturally, if there is a desire.
A coil similar to the one used can be viewed at: http://jnaudin.free.fr/kapagen/replications.htm
http://www.001-lab.com/001lab/index.php?topic=24.0
SUCCESS!

5 . Below is a sketch of the SchE of the Naudin generator. The circuit analysis raises some doubts. A natural question arises: what power does the trance consume, for example, from a microwave oven (220/2300V), inserted into the "free energy" generator, and what power do we get at the output in the form of glowing incandescent lamps? If the trance is from a microwave, then its input power consumption is 1400 W, and the microwave output is 800 - 900 W, with a magnetron efficiency of about 0.65. Therefore, connected to the secondary winding (2300V) through a spark gap and a small inductance, the lamps can blaze and not only from the output voltage of the secondary winding, and quite decently.

With this variant of the scheme, there may be difficulties in achieving a positive effect.
The element denoted by the letters MOT is a network transformer 220/2000 ... 2300V,
in most cases from a microwave, Rin up to 1400W, Rout (MW) 800W.

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION USING WATER RESONANCE FREQUENCY

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED BY IRRADIATION OF WATER WITH HF OSCILLATIONS.

http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:John_Kanzius_Produces_Hydrogen_from_Salt_Water_Using_Radio_Waves
John Kanzius
The authors have shown that NaCl-H2O solutions of concentrations ranging from 1 to 30%, when exposed to a polarized RF radio frequency beam at room temperature, generate an intimate mixture of hydrogen and oxygen which can be ignited and burned with a steady flamePatent of John Kanzius…

Translation:
John_Kanzius showed that a solution of NaCl-H2O with a concentration ranging from 1 to 30%, when it is irradiated with directional polarized (polarized radio frequency) RF radiation with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the solution, is of the order of 13.56 MHz, at room temperature begins to release hydrogen, which, mixed with oxygen, begins to burn steadily. In the presence of a spark, hydrogen ignites and burns with an even flame, the temperature of which, as experiments show, can exceed 1600 degrees Celsius.
Specific heat of combustion of hydrogen: 120 MJ/kg or 28000 kcal/kg.

An example of an RF generator circuit:

A coil with a diameter of 30-40 mm is made from a single-core insulated wire with a diameter of 1 mm, the number of turns is 4-5 (selected experimentally). Power supply 15 - 20V connect at the right end of the throttle 200 µg. Tincture to resonance is produced by a variable capacitor. The coil is wound over a cylindrical salt water vessel. The vessel is filled with 75-80% salt water and tightly closed with a lid with a branch pipe for removing hydrogen, at the outlet, a tube filled with cotton to prevent the free entry of oxygen into the vessel.

***
More details can be seen at:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/36600371/Kanzius-Hydrogen-by-RF
Observations of polarized RF radiation catalysis of dissociation of H2O–NaCl solutions
R. Roy, M. L. Rao and J. Kanzius. The authors have shown that NaCl–H2O solutions of concentrations ranging from 1 to 30%, when exposed to a polarized radiofrequency beam at 13.56 MHz...

Answer to a reader's question:
I produced hydrogen by pouring an aqueous solution of caustic soda (Na2 CO3) on an aluminum plate (100 x 100 x 1 mm). In water, soda ash reacts with water
2CO3 - + H2 O ↔ HCO3 - + OH- and forms hydroxyl OH, which cleans aluminum from the film. Then the well-known reaction begins:
2Al + 3H2 O = A12 O3 + 3H 2 with the release of heat and intense release of hydrogen, similar to the boiling of water. The reaction takes place without electrolysis!

The experiment should be carried out carefully so that ignition and explosion of hydrogen do not occur. Or immediately provide for the removal of hydrogen from a vessel with working components covered with a lid. During the reaction of hydrogen evolution, after some time, the aluminum plate begins to be covered with reaction waste CaCl2 calcium chloride and aluminum oxide A12 O3. The intensity of the chemical reaction after a while will begin to decrease.
To maintain its intensity, waste should be removed, the caustic soda solution and the aluminum plate should be replaced with another one. Used, after cleaning it can be used again, etc. until they are completely destroyed. If duralumin is used, the reaction proceeds with the release of heat.
***
Similar development:
Your house can be warmed up this way. (Your house can be heated in this way)
Inventor Mr. Francois P. Cornish. European patent No. 0055134A1 dated 06/30/1982, in relation to gasoline engine, it allows the car to move normally, using instead of gasoline, water and a small amount of aluminum.
Mr. Francois P. in his device, he used electrolysis (at 5-10 kV) in water with aluminum wire, which he previously cleaned of oxide before introducing it into the chamber, from which hydrogen was removed through a tube and supplied to a bicycle engine.

Here the reaction waste is A12 O3.

The design of this thing
The question arose, what is more expensive per 100 km - gasoline or aluminum with a high-voltage source and a battery?
If the "lumne" is from a landfill or from waste kitchen utensils, then it will be cheap.
***
Additionally, you can see a similar device here: http://macmep.h12.ru/main_gaz.htm
and here: "A simple folk way to get hydrogen"
http://new-energy21.ru/content/view/710/179/ ,
and here http://www.vodorod.net/ - information about a hydrogen generator for 100 bucks. I would not buy, because. the video does not show a clear ignition of hydrogen at the outlet of the can with components for electrolysis.

In 1685, in one of the issues of the London scientific journal "Philosophical Works", the project of a hydraulic perpetuum mobile, proposed by the Frenchman Denis Papin, was published, the principle of which was supposed to refute the well-known paradox of hydrostatics. As can be seen from the figure, this device consisted of a vessel that narrowed into a tube in the shape of the letter C, which was bent upwards and with its open end hung over the edge of the vessel.

The author of the project assumed that the weight of water in the wider part of the vessel would necessarily exceed the weight of the liquid in the tube, i.e. in the narrower part. This meant that the liquid, by its weight, would have to squeeze itself out of the vessel into a tube, through which it would again have to return to the vessel, thereby achieving the required continuous circulation of water in the vessel.

How do you suppose why the "perpetual motion machine" works in the video?

Unfortunately, Papen did not realize that the decisive factor in this case is not the different amount (and with it the different weight of the liquid in the wide and narrow parts of the vessel), but, first of all, the property inherent in all communicating vessels without exception: the pressure of the liquid in the vessel and bent tube will always be the same. The hydrostatic paradox is precisely explained by the peculiarities of this essentially hydrostatic pressure.

Also called Pascal's paradox, he claims that the total pressure, i.e. the force with which the liquid presses on the horizontal bottom of the vessel is determined only by the weight of the column of liquid above it, and does not depend at all on the shape of the vessel (for example, on whether its walls narrow or expand) and, therefore, on the amount of liquid.

The victims of such delusions were sometimes even people who worked at the very forefront of contemporary science and technology. An example is Denis Papin himself (1647-1714) - the inventor of not only "Papin's boiler" and a safety valve, but also a centrifugal pump, and most importantly, the first steam engines with a cylinder and a piston. Papin even established the dependence of vapor pressure on temperature and showed how to obtain both vacuum and elevated pressure on its basis. He was a student of Huygens, corresponded with Leibniz and other prominent scientists of his time, was a member of the English Royal Society and the Academy of Sciences in Naples. And now such a person, who is rightfully considered a prominent physicist and one of the founders of modern thermal power engineering (as the creator of a steam engine), is also working on a perpetual motion machine! Not only that, he proposes such a perpetual motion machine, the fallacy of the principle of which was completely obvious to contemporary science as well. He publishes this project in Philosophical Transactions (London, 1685).

Rice. 1. Model of a hydraulic perpetual motion machine by D. Papin

The idea of ​​Papin's perpetual motion machine is very simple - it is essentially an inverted "upside down" Zonka's pipe (Fig. 1). Since the weight of water is greater in the wide part of the vessel, its force must exceed the force of the weight of the narrow column of water in the thin pipe C. Therefore, water will constantly drain from the end of the thin pipe into the wide vessel. It remains only to substitute the water wheel under the jet and the perpetual motion machine is ready!

It is obvious that in reality this will not work; the liquid surface in a thin tube will be set at the same level as in a thick one, as in any communicating vessels (as in the right part of Fig. 1.).

The fate of this idea of ​​Papin was the same as that of other variants of hydraulic perpetual motion machines. The author never returned to it, having taken up a more useful business - a steam engine.

The story of the invention by D. Papin prompts a question that constantly arises when studying the history of perpetual motion machines: how to explain the amazing blindness and strange behavior of many very educated and, most importantly, talented people that arise every time it comes to the invention of a perpetual motion machine?

We will return to this issue later. If we continue talking about Papin, then something else is incomprehensible. Not only does it not take into account the already known laws of hydraulics. After all, at that time he was in the position of "temporary curator of experiments" at the Royal Society of London. Papin, with his experimental skills, could easily test the idea of ​​a perpetual motion machine he proposed (just as he tested his other proposals). It is easy to set up such an experiment in half an hour, without even having the capabilities of a “curator of experiments”. He didn't, and for some reason submitted the article to the magazine without checking anything. Paradox: an outstanding experimental scientist and theorist publishes a project that contradicts an already established theory and has not been verified experimentally!

In the future, many more hydraulic perpetual motion machines were proposed with other methods of raising water, in particular capillary and wick (which, in fact, are the same thing) [. They proposed to lift liquid (water or oil) from the lower vessel to the upper one through a wetted capillary or wick. Indeed, it is possible to raise the liquid to a certain height in this way, but the same surface tension forces that caused the rise will not allow the liquid to drain from the wick (or capillary) into the upper vessel.

What happens on the video?

When liquid is poured into the funnel, then, according to the law of communicating vessels, the levels should be the same, and it flows into the tube with a large delay, therefore, under the wooden stand there is also a vessel from which water is pumped, since it will stop in the middle and will not flow. This the hydraulic perpetuum mobile of the Middle Ages, which contains an error, as if the greater weight of the funnel will displace water from the tube, but this is not so. Any tube diameter and any shape does not matter, the levels just level out

We continue the section that we devoted to beginners. A few days ago I received letters in the mail from newcomers who wanted advice on a homemade perpetual motion machine, I quote -<Dear Aka, I really enjoy every new article you write. I am new to this area and so I decided to make my first design, which I consider the simplest. I want to ask you for help, I decided to make a perpetual motion machine with magnets for myself, I saw similar motors on YouTube, I already found magnets and I want to hear your opinion about the location of the magnets on the disk, how best to glue them to ensure high efficiency? Thank you> end of quote. Newcomers may ask such questions, since they are just starting to master the laws of physics and mechanics, and you can hardly see anything on YouTube, but don't believe everyone.

A PERPETUAL MOBILE CANNOT EXIST, and if someone ever manages to invent such an engine, he will become the most famous and richest person, and they do not hide from you about the existence<перпетум мобиле>- it simply does not exist, since its existence is rejected by the basic laws of physics and mechanics. The history of perpetual motion experiments is as old as this world. The greatest scientists of all times and peoples tried to create this engine, even such an outstanding person as LEONARDO DA VINCI thought that a perpetual motion machine could still exist, but he and many other scientists were deeply mistaken. Michael Faraday, James Watt and even Nikola Tesla experimented with creating<перпетум мобиле>.

At the Royal Academy of Sciences, where patents for inventions were registered, hundreds of thousands of applications for the creation of a perpetual motion machine were received, people bluffed, tried to deceive everyone and go down in history under the name of the person who created the perpetual motion machine, the designs of such engines were very different - on magnets, based on gears and belts, people tried to create and make the engine work in a vacuum, under water, but no one worked for more than an hour ... There are many names in history who nevertheless managed to deceive the commission of the Royal Academy of Sciences in London, but in the end the engines stopped. In the end, at the beginning of the 19th century, the royal academy of sciences refuses to accept projects of perpetual motion machines for consideration, but of course this does not stop independent inventors from creating projects of perpetual motion machines, history knows the names of inventors who went crazy or killed themselves because of this, and the eternal one is to blame for everything engine, because this is the easiest way to become famous and rich, a favorite of the whole world.

But imagine what will happen if a perpetual motion machine is still invented? The answer is simple - all factories, power plants will be closed, a global crisis will begin, the economy of our planet will collapse, civil wars, mass robberies will begin, chaos and darkness will reign, which will eventually turn into a world war! And here I will cite the legendary words of Einstein: People will start the Fourth World War with a bow and arrows, since the 3rd World War will erase all life on the planet. And I’ll tell the beginners - solder multivibrators, flashing lights, simple bugs and throw the perpetual motion machine out of your head - it doesn’t exist and cannot exist at all. Author - Artur Kasyan ( AKA).

Since ancient times, Homo sapiens has been trying to invent a perpetual motion machine - a simple source of infinite energy. There are more than 1000 different schemes and proposals. And every engineer would like with my own hands invent perpetual motion machine. However, so far no one has succeeded. Tesla came close to this, but all his ideas went with him. And here is one of the implementations of such engine described in Likhachev's article "How to build a perpetual motion machine with your own hands", published in the magazine "Young Technician". Likhachev tried to explain the operation of the engine by a violation of the second law of thermodynamics. It seems to me that he made a mistake in this matter, and there is no violation of thermodynamics here, but the gravitational field works. And the invention itself is easy to manufacture and does not require large investments.

We take an ordinary plastic flask from any drink and cut it into two halves: the lower and the upper. In the lower half we install a wooden partition made of hardwood (if made from softwood, it will work much worse). The fibers in the partition must necessarily go in a vertical direction from the bottom up. There should be a hole in the partition with a plug. There should also be a thin tube running from the very bottom of the flask through the baffle to the top. All places between the tube and the tree, between the tree and the flask, must be securely sealed so that air cannot pass through even the smallest cracks. We open the plug and pour so much easily evaporating liquid into the lower part of the flask so that the lowest section of the tube is already in the liquid, but at the same time the liquid level does not reach the tree. That is, it is necessary to maintain an air gap between the wood and the liquid. We close the hole tightly with a plug, pour a little of the same liquid onto the tree from above and tightly fit the upper half of the flask onto the lower one. We put the structure in a warm place and wait. After a while (it can take from several minutes to several days depending on the liquid used and the ambient temperature), liquid will begin to drip from the top of the tube.

I explain the operation of this construction as follows. The liquid passes through the wood capillaries from top to bottom and then the air layer under the tree is surrounded on all sides by liquid. Under the action of ambient heat, the liquid begins to evaporate into this layer both from above and below. But simultaneously with evaporation, the condensation of already evaporated vapors back into a liquid begins. After some time, equilibrium occurs when the number of evaporated molecules is equal to the number of condensed ones. If no extraneous force acts on the vapor molecules, then each molecule has the same probability of going back into the liquid both downwards and upwards. But if an extraneous force (gravity) acts, then their slow drift towards this force is superimposed on the random Brownian motion of steam molecules. And each molecule becomes more likely to condense down than up. If, say, 100 molecules enter the vapor from the upper and lower layers of the liquid, then 101 molecules will go back to the lower level, and 99 will go to the upper level. In other words, a slow flow of liquid begins through the vapor-air layer down under the action of gravity . The liquid level under the tree rises, the air pressure increases, it pushes the liquid into the tube and it enters the upper compartment through the tube. And then it seeps through the capillaries again, evaporates, passes through the air gap, condenses, etc. This is how the fluid cycle occurs in the installation. If you place a wheel under the drops falling from the tube, it will begin to rotate.

Two processes take place here simultaneously: the transfer of matter by gravity from top to bottom and the transfer of heat by thermal conduction from bottom to top. The predominance of condensation over evaporation at the lower level of the vapor-air layer increases the temperature in this place. And the predominance of evaporation over condensation at its upper level reduces the temperature. There is a temperature difference and a heat flow from the bottom up, which evaporates new portions of the liquid from above. If numerous metal bolts are screwed into the lower surface of the tree so that their heads are in the liquid, then heat will be transferred not through a vapor-air mixture of low thermal conductivity, but through metal of high thermal conductivity. This intensifies heat transfer and the entire evaporation-condensation process.

An even greater improvement in the operation of the installation can be achieved if the air is completely removed from the layer under the tree, leaving only steam here (that is, making the layer purely steam). The fact is that the air will be carried away by the vapor flow and accumulate at the lower level of the liquid. An increase in its partial pressure in this place means a decrease in the partial pressure of the vapor, and then the condensation temperature drops. This means that the temperature difference through the vapor-air layer decreases and the installation works worse. To remove air, it is necessary to make a special tube from the air gap through the wall of the flask to the outside and, even before starting work, slightly heat the lower part of the flask. Then the liquid will evaporate and the vapor will go out through the tube, carrying the air with it. After some time, the air in the layer will not remain.

I used freon as the fluid. And it worked very well, drops began to drip from the tube in the upper compartment within half an hour after the assembly was completed. But freon turned out to be unusual by-effect. The plastic of the flask, upon contact with it, began to shrink little by little, and during the night the flask shrank almost twice. Nothing worked in such a flask, I had to throw it away and do it all over again. So then I switched to regular gasoline. It worked much worse than freon, but the plastic did not warp from it. The installation with gasoline began to work at 3-4 o'clock in the afternoon, when the temperature of a summer day rose to 40 degrees, and worked until such a temperature was maintained. And then she stopped and started working again only the next day. Such a feature can lead to the erroneous opinion that the heat of the environment is transformed here, and Likhachev and Veinik made just such a conclusion. In fact, the ambient heat is just a kind of battery to start work (we also use the battery to start the engine in the car). The higher the ambient temperature, the more the liquid will evaporate at the very beginning of operation and the more efficient the installation will operate. And at a low temperature, the initial evaporation does not occur and the installation does not work.

Of course, the power of such an installation is so small that one should not expect any practical application from it. It can only serve as clear evidence of the fact that you can build a perpetual motion machine. But it must be said right away that it will not perpetual motion machine 1st kind, producing useful work in the truest sense of the void, and perpetual motion machine 2nd kind, extracting energy from the environment. In this case, the gravitational field of the planet will be such an environment.

Magnetic-gravitational perpetual motion machine

Modern permanent magnets open up great opportunities for creating various magnetic motors and magnetic generators. Another device claiming to be called " perpetual motion machine"

The work of this perpetual motion machine provides movement of weights and auxiliary magnets alternately around the main magnet. Due to the interaction of magnets, the loads in the zone of one pole approach the axis of rotation of the motor, and in the zone of the other pole, the loads are repelled from the center of rotation. As a result, the center of mass of the entire structure shifts to the right, which allows the engine to rotate almost forever, as long as the Earth's gravity and the magnetic field of the magnets exist.

The principle of its work is that using magnetic forces between 2 permanent magnets, and also with the help of gravity, it is possible to create a stable rotation of the magneto rotor around the annular stator magnet.
The rotation of the rotor 1 is due to the fact that the moment of rotation of the disk rotor 1 from the total gravitational force and the magnetic repulsion force of the magnets on the accelerating left section of the trajectory of the rotor-rim 1 is greater than the braking moment when lifting the load. Because different radii of rotation of load 5 due to the force of magnetic repulsion of magnets 1 and 3 on the left half-turn of rim 1 (rod 4 extends). And on the return half-cycle-half-turn of the rim 1-right, magnets 2, 3 tend to be attracted and therefore the radius and moment of rotation of the load in this interval becomes smaller.

Invent and you will succeed.