Female and male causes of infertility, examination

Pregnancy does not occur for half a year, a year, 2 years, what to do in this case, do both partners need to be examined and how exactly? Which doctors?

Infertility is a very common problem even in seemingly healthy young couples. But often infertility is diagnosed prematurely. For example, not everyone knows that the normal period after which pregnancy occurs with regular sexual activity without the use of contraceptives is 2 years. That is, 2 years you can not worry at all, if the age is not “running out”, a woman is less than 38 years old.

However, there are ways to speed things up. To do this, you need to determine the date of ovulation. The most accurate way to do this is with an ultrasound. If ovulation is present, and the spermatozoa are normal, you can very soon see signs of pregnancy. But keep in mind that ovulation with age in women occurs less and less. It also interferes with early conception.

If 2 years of active sexual life have not yielded results, the couple needs to visit a reproductive specialist. If there is no such narrow specialist, then the woman should go to the gynecologist, and he will tell you what tests her husband needs to take. The partner will be examined by a urologist.

You need to understand that the reasons why pregnancy does not occur can be both in the female part and in the male part. About the same percentage. And there can be problems on both sides. Less commonly, the reason why pregnancy does not occur if all tests are normal and both are healthy is idiopathic, that is, it remains unclear. In this case, the couple is recommended in vitro fertilization (IVF).

In mild cases, when there is no particular hurry, women are prescribed oral contraceptives (OC) for a period of about 6 months. And when pregnancy occurs after canceling ok, it usually happens in the first two cycles, if you live a regular sexual life (have sex 2-3 times a week), they say that this is a rebound effect - the reaction of the ovaries to awakening after "sleep" caused by hormonal contraceptives.

Women's examination and illness

First of all, a woman is waiting for a gynecological examination and a conversation with a doctor. On examination, he will be able to identify some neoplasms of the uterus, which can interfere with the onset of pregnancy, suspect a sexual infection, pathology of the cervix.

The next stage is an ultrasound examination of the uterus and appendages. If it shows that there is ovulation, but pregnancy does not occur, then the reason may be on the female side, for example, in the endometrial polyp, which acts as an intrauterine contraceptive that does not allow the fertilized egg to attach to the endometrium. When the second pregnancy does not occur, and there were no problems at all with the first, it may well be that the reason is precisely in this kind of neoplasm. In most cases, it can be removed hysteroscopically. That is, it does not even require a cut.

But women cannot do without laparoscopy, in whom adhesions were found in the fallopian tubes using the HSG procedure. But why do some women not get pregnant after laparoscopy? After all, they say that this is a very effective operation. Unfortunately, infertility is not always due to only one reason ...

An obligatory stage of the study is to check the hormonal levels. Moreover, some tests are given twice in one menstrual cycle, in its different phases. Among the hormones for which it is necessary to donate blood: FSH, LH, testosterone, progesterone, prolactin, TSH and others. If deviations are detected, then consultation with an endocrinologist will probably also be needed.

Male examination and general for partners

A man must pass a spermogram after a little sexual abstinence. Semen volume, color, PH, liquefaction time, viscosity, concentration, quantity, motility, morphology and other parameters are evaluated. According to the analysis of sperm, one can not only identify the cause of male infertility, but also diagnose possible diseases in him. For example, prostatitis.

Can pregnancy occur with poor semen analysis? It is, but the chances are very small. It makes sense to treat and increase them.

Together, a man and a woman are examined by a geneticist, they are tested for a karyotype.
A compatibility test is performed, the so-called postcoital test.

I found an interesting and extensive article. Many who fail to have children ask themselves the question “Why?” Someone connects with health, someone says the reason is psychosomatics, some say "God does not give", etc. In fact, there may be several reasons, they may be tied into a ball, there may be one reason, but lying so deep, you will have to dig. The main thing is to find it. Perhaps the article will help someone find the right direction. I wish everyone who has not yet found the happiness of being a mother to find it as soon as possible.

Why does pregnancy not occur?

Infertile women told me at our first chance meeting, when they needed a certificate for donation, or a permit when applying for a job: “I only need this from you, otherwise I have been regularly observed in a private clinic for infertility for several years.”

One woman has been observed this way for 10 years in a well-known private clinic in Omsk. In such cases, I certainly say: why should a healthy person be observed for money? Once a year, it is enough to undergo a fluorography and an examination room for free. And if there are problems or a disease, then it is necessary to be examined, find out the cause and be cured! For those who do not get pregnant, it is important to understand that there is some reason due to which there are no children. Something is preventing it. This is what you need to be sure and calmly find out in order for everything to work out.

The reason may be one or several, but it is always there! Most often, there are several causes of infertility at once: hereditary, genetic, hormonal, infectious, psychological, disorders in the hemostasis system, endometriosis.

For example, someone may have antisperm antibodies, which is an immunological factor in infertility. Some people have more reasons, some less. At the same time, one of the spouses smokes or even both, and this makes it difficult to conceive, someone does not smoke, and this is a more favorable moment in a situation of infertility. If pregnancy does not occur, then this may be due to hyperprolactinemia, insulin resistance or hyperandrogenism. The doctor-endocrinologist finds out it.

It must be borne in mind that the presence of a mustache on the upper lip of a woman does not mean that she has a lot of testosterone. Her testosterone may be normal, and there will be no problems with pregnancy (with conception). With hypertrichosis - excessive female-type hair growth - there are also no problems with conception. My friend L. (Russian) has two daughters, a mustache on her upper lip and very excessive hair on her arms and legs, to which L. and her husband do not pay any attention, although her hair is black. Those women do not get pregnant either. who are too eager to have a child, but it does not happen according to our desire. Sometimes pregnancy occurs after the adoption of a child, when the woman finally comes to terms.

Some women never get pregnant, although they were practically healthy. Scientists have found that with infertility there is an unconscious feeling of hatred for her mother, which a woman identifies with hostility towards herself, and transfers hatred to her own children, fearing that she will subsequently be hated by them as well. And the feeling of guilt and fear leads to the conviction that she will die in childbirth. Women became pregnant after realizing a negative feeling towards their mother, after they began to relate more sincerely to their mothers, or got rid of the fear of pregnancy.

Scientists have found that sometimes perfectly healthy women who are fertile do not get pregnant because they play a male role in life, they like to behave like a man.

Infertile women became pregnant after self-critical reflections and the realization that infertility is to some extent a punishment for previous bad deeds and thoughts that the mother or father is allegedly hostile to them, for fears, for feelings of guilt. Scientists also argue that if there is a tendency to kill in the subconscious, fear, anger, alienation, depression, then this affects the reproductive system. Therefore, love for God, for parents, for people, for children, mercy, compassion, joy and desire to live will help to revive the genes.

Here is a case from life. In 2004, I met 28-year-old A in a hairdressing salon. While cutting my hair, I found out that A. had not had children for 9 years. She was examined, but the cause of primary infertility was not established. A. herself believed that she did not become pregnant because the work of a hairdresser was hard, she was on her feet all day. And because of this, doctors advised her to change her profession. But I questioned this cause of infertility. At the same time, I found out that A. does not love her mother-in-law, since she does not love her either.

And A. loved her husband very much, was proud of him, how good he is. She loves her husband, but not his mother. Weird. After all, her mother-in-law gave birth and raised her husband for her, who, by the way, will be a grandmother to her children. In her future children - genes and her mother-in-law. How can you not love her? It would be more correct to thank the mother-in-law for raising her son, who became a real man (he is a military man, an officer). We discussed with A. how to love the mother-in-law. A. doubted success, but listened to my advice. And after 3 months, A. became pregnant and then gave birth safely. I call such situations like this: hatred blocks genes. But this is a fixable situation.

The reasons for infertility can be, for example, because of resentment: "Others give birth to children" or because of resentment against her husband: "Smokes, and does not want children." And if everything is normal, but the pregnancy does not work out, then you need to put up with it, remember your talents and discover them, do creative work or fitness, do physical exercises in the morning, gymnastic exercises or run in the morning. You can’t sit, cry and feel sorry for yourself. Now they often say: “I’m already 40 years old, where to give birth, I’m already old.” But we must look not at age, but at the way of life.

Children do not appear according to our desire On the contrary, it often happens that the fact of pregnancy is taken by surprise, when pregnancy is not included in the immediate plans, people want to live for themselves, they are protected. Until recently, the couple, having got married, immediately wanted to have children. Now it's not. With children, modern women increasingly want to wait, put off such an important matter, using contraceptives, which limits their reproductive function for a long time, creating a period of artificial infertility.

We were taught at the medical institute that the optimal age for having children is 21-23 years old, while youth is health. But in life, many take birth control pills for years, and then it turns out that they are infertile. I met patients who were from 30 to 43 years old, with a long period of infertility from 7 to 13 years, and they did not go anywhere for examination and did nothing to clarify the question: why they did not have a pregnancy. But such an important issue of childbearing cannot be left “for later”, because a period may come when illness or injury overtakes. Everything happens in life. Therefore, it is necessary to give birth on time. And if pregnancy does not occur within a year of regular married life, and there is no contraception, then you need to go to the doctors for an examination.

Undoubtedly, the success of a favorable conception depends on many internal and external factors. For example, there are no children because there is a genetic incompatibility of the spouses, that is, he took the wrong person as a spouse, not his own, but someone else's, the spouse was chosen incorrectly. There are cases when there were no children in the family for a long time, but after the spouses parted, the children appeared in new families for both the husband and the wife. Here are my observations from life. Two healthy women aged 33 and 35 became pregnant a month after the death of their parents and safely gave birth to two children within two years, one after 13 years and the other after 14 years of infertility.

And what people say is very important. So many infertile spouses say: “We really want a child” and wait for the fulfillment of this desire for years, doing nothing, until their psyche begins to suffer. Feel the difference between the words "we want a child" and "we love children." The phrases “we want a child” and “we want children” at first glance seem to be about one thing. But life shows that they carry a different meaning literally: they want to have only one child, or they really want to have several children. So they say. In the words "we want a child" there is, firstly, a desire (I want and that's it! I really want it!), And not love.

Secondly, these words carry the desire to have a child, but only one, and if you put it in other words, this means that you want to have only one pregnancy and that's it. After all, it is known that words materialize. When they say “we love children”, then they really love them: their own and others. As they say, there are no other people's children. People who sincerely love children help and love other children, and not just their own. There have been many times in history when barren people prayed all their lives and gave birth to children in their advanced years.

I knew a childless woman who, at age 40, married a widower with three children and took care of her grandchildren. Maybe, having given birth to a child, a woman directs all her love to him alone, and a childless woman loves every child who is nearby? Not all people have children. And so mankind invented artificial insemination, conception "in vitro", outside the mother's body. In the twenty-first century, new reproductive technologies continue to evolve as the number of infertile marriages rises. A new specialty of a reproductologist has appeared, which deals with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The federal program allocates quotas for ART, but there are few of them, and the age of women referred for IVF at the expense of the state is limited to 38 years.

There is an algorithm for examining women with infertility. It is necessary to identify and eliminate the cause of infertility, because if the cause of infertility is not identified and eliminated, then when pregnancy occurs, it can most likely terminate it. And if pregnancy does not occur, you still have to look, something has been missed - there must be a reason.

Women who smoke are more likely to be infertile than non-smokers. Smoking is harmful regardless of the number of cigarettes. Spouses who want to have children should completely exclude smoking, alcohol, and drugs. And also it is necessary to exclude overheating in baths and saunas, visits to the solarium and infrared cabins. It has also been proven that with daily use of several cups of strong coffee, the probability of becoming pregnant is reduced by 25%. You need to know that the microflora of the partners is the same, therefore both need to be treated. And if infertility is due to infections or diseases (endometriosis, for example, or tuberculosis of the female genital organs), then it is necessary to be examined and cured, including by a phthisiogynecologist, who will tell you when to do PCR or culture of menstrual blood for mycobacterium tuberculosis to exclude infectious process in the female genital organs. After all, it is believed that, which cannot be cured (eliminated), in 20-25% of cases it occurs due to tuberculosis. And women who smoke need to know that nicotine is present even in the mucus of the cervix and in the fluid of the ovarian follicles, and they are most likely to have fallopian tube tuberculosis.

To exclude endometriosis of the uterus, a transvaginal ultrasound should be done on the 5-7th day of the menstrual cycle. If endometriosis of the uterus is detected, its treatment is successfully carried out. There are now enough drugs for his treatment, all give a good effect. It is necessary to look for the cause of infertility by different methods and not stop until it is found. It could also be hyperhomocystemia. Or it just doesn’t work out for “technical” reasons: someone simply doesn’t have a husband, or the uterus can be tilted backwards, while the cervix is ​​located upwards, closer to the womb. Indeed, most often the cervix is ​​\u200b\u200blocated in the posterior fornix, which favors conception in the position of a woman, lying on her back. And when the cervix is ​​located upward, the position of the woman, lying on her stomach, is more favorable for conception.

And more information for those who cannot get pregnant: the egg is capable of fertilization only during the day! And if there was no intimate contact on this day, then pregnancy will not occur. Or, conversely, some infertile couples "make babies every day." But sperm cells mature in 72 hours, and an immature sperm cell does not have the strength to fertilize an egg. Marriage for conception is desirable with an interval of 3-5 days with the definition of an ovulation test, because the egg is viable for only 24 hours, and you need to know this day and have time to get pregnant. At the same time, it must be borne in mind that on the days of Orthodox fasts and holidays, conception is not recommended.

It is believed that on the 14-16th day from the first day of the last menstruation, ovulation occurs - the release of the egg into the abdominal cavity, but each woman ovulates on different days. That is, ovulation can occur immediately after menstruation, or maybe on the eve of the next one. To establish the presence and fact of ovulation, a woman needs to measure the rectal (basal) temperature in the rectum every day for a month, without getting out of bed. So, when a woman measures her temperature, which rises by 0.7-0.4 ° C before ovulation, it is possible to find out the presence or absence of a normal two-phase menstrual cycle. If there is no this temperature peak, then there is no ovulation either, which means there can be no pregnancy, this is an obstacle to conception. The temperature is measured by inserting a conventional mercury thermometer into the rectum to a depth of 2 cm, for 5-7 minutes. It is necessary to write it down, but it is better to sketch it in the form of a graph, as a temperature curve is drawn in a hospital. You can determine the day of ovulation both by measuring rectal temperature and by using an ovulation test, which is sold in a pharmacy. If there is ovulation, but conception does not occur, the reason is different, and you need to look for it further. In the absence of ovulation, an obstetrician-gynecologist will prescribe treatment to stimulate ovulation.

What should be done? First you need to be examined. In large cities, this can be done in special centers. Sexually transmitted infections can lead to infertile marriages or pregnancy losses. Sometimes infections enter the genital tract from a previously infected sexual partner. Active youth, casual relationships in the past do not instruct men and women to be examined for infections before marriage. For example, such a case from my practice: wife K. is 33 years old, primary infertility is 5 years old, Epstein-Barr virus, viral hepatitis C was detected, her husband has a herpes infection. Only when they were treated, the long-awaited pregnancy came.

Therefore, women with infertility or inflammation of the appendages in the past should be screened for infections: cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI), genital herpes (HSV), chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, papillomavirus infection and Epstein-Barr virus, gardnerellosis (PCR from the cervical canal) . The examination is not cheap, therefore, if something is detected, then it is necessary to be treated immediately, and not also look at quantitative analyzes. Then it will be even more expensive, and as a result, doctors do not advise to be treated if, for example, viruses are found in the amount of 10². But it has been found! Today in the analysis 10², and tomorrow after stress or hypothermia, everything can worsen, and it will be 100 times more. Who knows?

At the same time, I recommend saving on money and not immediately examining the husband, but being treated together with the husband with the same drugs, if something comes to light. Sometimes the couple decides for themselves which of the spouses will be tested for infections. But more often it is a woman. It is psychologically more difficult for a man to do this, although it is not easy for a woman. Important, that? It is necessary to take tests then and prepare for delivery so that there is a result. If a woman is going to be tested, then the preparation should include some important points so that the money is not wasted. Before taking smears from the cervix for infections, it must be borne in mind that the more discharge there is, the more likely the cause of infertility and miscarriage will be revealed.

If the analysis will be taken from the urethra, then you can not urinate for two or three hours before taking smears. And after taking a bath and after douching, there will also be no discharge, and then the analysis will not work, that is, it will be false negative. Infections worsen before menstruation and after taking spicy and salty foods. Therefore, I recommend 7 days before menstruation to start eating garlic, pickles or tomatoes, herring for three days to exacerbate the infection. This will be a double provocation for the infection. I recommend washing these days in the shower, and refraining from intimate relationships, since sperm affects the analysis. By the way, you don’t have to drive your spouse, as many women do, to take a semen analysis.

Firstly, it is difficult and humiliating for a man, and secondly, most often these are not problems with sperm, as such, but the presence of infections that are not detected in semen. I advise you to take a semen analysis last, when the stage of examination for infections and hormones has already been completed, but nothing has come to light.

Both spouses need to understand that sometimes too much hatred towards men or women accumulates in the family, and this prevents children from being born. You need to repent that you once did not want to have children (due to studies or lack of an apartment - this does not matter). And the wife is also in the fact that she once envied the boys: “It’s good to be born a boy, it’s good for men: there are no periods, and you don’t need to give birth.” Then the woman will wonder why she can’t get pregnant, and in her blood she has a high level of the male hormone testosterone, and few female hormones, so her periods are gone. All this is due to dislike for yourself as a woman. You need to love yourself for who you are: without makeup, real. After all, a man loves her, but she doesn’t love herself. Infertility can also be caused by a deficiency of trace elements. Contributes to infertility and ovarian dysfunction, such as manganese deficiency. It has been scientifically proven that in the body of modern people there is an excess of tin, aluminum, lead, cadmium (food dyes, exhaust gases), and they can cause various diseases. Lead poisoning reduces a man's fertility. Cadmium is able to be absorbed in the tissues of the uterus, and the fetus accumulates cadmium from the mother's blood through the placenta. At the same time, the absorption of cadmium in women is 2 times higher than in men, and in the fetus and newborn is higher than in adults. Unfortunately, toxic trace elements do not undergo self-purification processes, but can only be displaced by antagonist metals. Or the reason for infertility may be that the woman was fond of or practiced magic (or her ancestors). All this together reduces the likelihood of conception. If someone cannot get pregnant after a medical abortion, reproaching himself, or after an abortion loses subsequent pregnancies, then the way out is in repentance. In an Orthodox church, a priest reads a special prayer over such a woman. Confession, communion, alms help. As St. John of Kronstadt said, almsgiving covers many sins. The blood hormones (TSH, prolactin, total testosterone, FSH, LH) and the lupus test are examined. And you also need sanitation of the oral cavity, regular feasible physical exercises, exclusion of contact with dyes, pesticides, solvents, household chemicals. 3 months before the planned pregnancy, it is recommended to take vitamin "E" in the 2nd phase of the cycle, capsule per day, folic acid at a dose of 400 mcg per day and magnesium preparations in courses of 6 weeks. Spouses need to realize that they are still young, they do not 90 years old and they will succeed. Someone thinks that "already age." But 27-35 years is not old age. For those who consider themselves old, conception is difficult. Both the fear that there will never be children, and the excessive desire to have children prevent a woman from becoming pregnant. It is better to mobilize: what else needs to be done, what to be examined, who else to consult, etc. Try to multiply the love for your parents and for the children of other people. Not always the problem is only in a woman. If quite recently the proportion of male infertility was only 5%, and now it is 40%, and mutual - 20%. In modern men, fertility decreases: the number of spermatozoa and sperm volume decrease, its quality deteriorates, and in smokers, the number of immobile spermatozoa increases. About 60% of men with chronic inflammatory processes suffer from infertility. With male infertility, it is necessary to be examined and treated by doctors: an andrologist, a venereologist, an endocrinologist, maybe even a sexologist. To improve the male seed, there are now drugs that increase the number and motility of spermatozoa, and this increases the chance of successful conception. And if a man also quits smoking, the effect will be even better. Some varieties of modern "live" beer contain an increased amount of natural plant hormones, under the influence of which men have a belly like a pregnant woman, and his spermatozoa lose their strength, which makes it difficult to conceive. In addition to testing for infections, the husband needs to determine the hormones in the blood - TSH, prolactin, testosterone, sex-binding hormone, and make a spermogram. And in case of deviation from the norm, find strength in yourself with the support of your wife and undergo the necessary treatment. What won't you do for the kids? The food of spouses who want to have children should be predominantly plant-based, as this increases the metabolism and the level of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins F2a and E2 are involved in all processes occurring in the reproductive system: the regulation of the menstrual cycle, peristalsis of the fallopian tubes, ovulation, uterine tone, egg advancement and sperm motility. Now doctors often prescribe ultrasound, make them repeatedly do folliculometry. The result is expensive and inefficient. As I say: ultrasound does not heal, and people of the 20th century lived without ultrasound, and managed. But many women often do ultrasound themselves, but they don’t go to the doctors, and they don’t read the ultrasound result themselves. And why then do an ultrasound if the doctor is not shown? Ultrasound should be prescribed by a doctor: what to watch A case from my practice in 1985-1887, when I worked in a rural hospital. In my gynecological department at different times, two sisters L. and N., who suffered from infertility. They were married, their surnames were different, so I had no idea that they were relatives (second and third child), in total their mother had 11 children. The oldest N. was 34 years old, she had previously been unsuccessfully examined in Omsk for infertility at the family planning center, and therefore by this time she already wanted to adopt a child. drugs they got pregnant. They enthusiastically thanked me and asked me to help their third sister, N. Of course, I agreed, but N. herself did not believe in the success of the treatment. And the treatment had no effect, N. did not become pregnant. But in January 1987, N. showed such a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood that she was hospitalized for examination in the surgical department of the Central District Hospital. It didn't even occur to me to repeat her blood test before ovulation stimulation, because N. had previously undergone an examination and looked so ruddy and beautiful. But it turned out that she always had beautiful makeup, with which she smeared very pale skin! I wondered how N. with such low hemoglobin worked, standing all day on her feet (she worked as a salesman). They restored her hemoglobin, only by pouring someone else's blood into her! When N., healthy, was discharged from the hospital, I recommended that she undergo treatment again. She assured that it would be as useless as the past three months, but then she decided. She had nothing to lose, but what if she succeeded? And from the first month of treatment, N. immediately became pregnant! Hooray! And in November, N. had already successfully had a caesarean section in the regional maternity hospital. All three sisters gave birth in 1987 to healthy children. And their mother, with gratitude, came to meet me and brought her fourth daughter to me for treatment. As an Orthodox person, I recommend that unbaptized people be baptized in the Orthodox Church. The word "sin" in Greek means "damage to the soul." So you need to think about the soul, why it suffers and there are no children. You need to regularly confess and receive communion, ask the Creator to give children, travel to holy places, help other people's children. In the distant past, people waited for God to give a child and prayed. And modern people who do not have children, having passed the necessary examination, go and pay a lot of money in a clinic where they will “make” a child. Someone will succeed, but someone will not be lucky, this happens when they want to bypass the Creator. It seems that everything is so simple: ask the Lord why there are no children; find out from Him the cause of infertility and eliminate it; ask God to give a child, and then accept it, a child sent by the Creator. Orthodox doctor and medical psychologist Zorin K.V. in his books he writes that if God does not give children, then there is a good reason for this. Stubbornness and selfishness can be the cause of infertility, because of which God does not fulfill the excessive desire to have children. The motives for conception are very important. What guides people when they want to have children? Zorin K.V. writes about other causes of infertility, for example, like 31-year-old Natalia, who was married for 8 years, but had no children. Once Natalya, after reading a book about the Holy Matrona of Moscow, suddenly realized that she had no children because her mother had abortions. On the same day, she called her mother in another city and, having expressed her pain to her, asked her to go to church and repent. Mother said that all this was not true, she would not go anywhere and she had nothing to repent of. But some time passed, after prayers and reading an akathist to Saint Matronushka Natalya, her mother called and pleased that she was in the temple, repented to the Lord Jesus Christ. And soon Natalya became pregnant and gave birth to a son. In 2006, I happened to be present in the company of several elderly women. Two of them never had children. Other children frolicked around us. Children ran back and forth, played ball, talked to each other. Normal healthy and mobile children, ordinary noisy ball games. All parents have gone through this and are used to it. But the childless old women could not bear it: after a few minutes they began to resent where the parents of the children were looking, they must be immediately pacified. Further - more, cute-looking old women began to wish death to children ... It was obvious that there was no love for children in their genes. Oh, it’s not for nothing that they were infertile, it’s not just that all this. In 2008, I supervised a 30-year-old patient I. Here is her life story. Grandmother I. gave birth to 6 children, and her mother had one and had 8 abortions. Her maternal aunt is infertile. I. had sex from the age of 16, she took birth control pills for 5 years " rigevidon and did not want to have children. And when she wanted to, she could not get pregnant, then there were 9 years of infertility. The woman I. was Orthodox, she married her husband, but when I saw her, the level of fear of losing the pregnancy in I. was extremely high. She refused to see a doctor on a gynecological chair, from taking vaginal swabs for analysis by a midwife, even from an electrocardiogram (ECG). And at the same time, I. really wanted to have a girl (and this is self-will). What if she had a boy? Lack of faith and distrust of God did their job: in the period of 14 weeks, I. had a miscarriage, and on the eve of this, her chorion detachment began to increase steadily and reached a size of 75 mm by 29 mm. At the same time, doctors were powerless to stop the process of rejection of the fetus by the mother. But after suffering, I. realized her mistakes and listened to my advice. And we both believed that with the new pregnancy she would succeed, because the organ is in place and I. succeeds in getting pregnant, only you need to be able to keep the pregnancy until the full term, even a boy, even a girl is all one joy. It is known that many infertile women undergo sanatorium treatment (mud therapy, hydrogen sulfide baths). But not all of them know that radon baths reduce ovarian function, and after an exacerbation of a chronic inflammatory process, one cannot go to the resort for three months. No matter how much you would like to quickly acquire offspring, you must remember that after a spa treatment you cannot become pregnant for two months, as practice has proven: there is a high risk of ectopic pregnancy. I had such patients who had to be operated on after the spa. For some reason no one had warned them before. It is also important that if the spouses are undergoing medical treatment for any disease, it is better to conceive a child two months after the end of treatment. After all, it is only from the blood that the drugs are quickly removed, but not from the cells: this process takes at least two months. Now some women have begun to say: give birth, so give birth, as much as God will give, as soon as the opportunity for this appears. And in the Bible, for example, it is written: “Do not desire a multitude of worthless children and do not rejoice over the sons of the wicked. When they multiply, do not rejoice over them if they do not have the fear of the Lord. Do not rely on their lives and do not rely on their multitude. Better one righteous man than a thousand sinners, and it is better to die childless than to have wicked children” (Sir 16; 1-4). In June 2013, I read in the Omsk Orthodox newspaper “Annunciation” about three female pilgrims from the group, after a long period of infertility, gave birth to long-awaited babies. And at the end of 2013, I gave my friend V. (for the new year) my book “Blessed Birth”. And her daughter L. brought this book to her office to make a photocopy of one chapter. Her colleague saw this and wanted to read the book, as her daughter had infertility. In my book, a colleague L. read a story about 27-year-old O., who already had two pregnancy losses, had hormonal disorders, and O. was treated unsuccessfully for several years by an endocrinologist-gynecologist. I then found out that she and her own mother were enemies, and after reconciliation, the hormones in O.'s blood became normal. So. It turned out that colleague L. had the same situation in life: they were also in a quarrel with their daughter. After reading about this, the mother herself went to her daughter to put up, and gave her to read my book “Blessed Birth”. And already at the end of April 2014, L. called me and told me the good news: her colleague's daughter will give birth in October! It is interesting that a colleague, having told all this to L., asked her: “Do you think this is just a coincidence?”, But L. firmly answered that this was no coincidence, but it was as if the book had helped. It is clear that without the participation of a man, a woman has a child will not be able to appear, well, except by IVF. In 2009, I was asked to consult P., who, according to him, had "dead sperm" and wanted a child to tears. But at the same time, P. did not believe that he would have children. Since, after a trauma to the genital organs, P. underwent surgery, and believed that the doctors were to blame, they bandaged him wrong: “They didn’t sew it that way.” I questioned this reason: the doctors helped him, in fact, and the cause of infertility does not happen alone. What should he do? It turned out that this infertile man smokes a lot, he was not examined for sexually transmitted infections, he did not determine the level of his hormones in the blood. And P. did not undergo any other examination by doctors, and did not plan to quit smoking. But the desire to have children alone is not enough. P. had to undergo a complete examination, if necessary, eliminate the identified infections, and be sure to quit smoking. That is, it is necessary to "revive the sperm", as he wants IVF to help. Without a doubt, there is always a reason, having found out and eliminated which, many women can become pregnant naturally. But sometimes people, without finding out the cause of infertility and not eliminating it, naively believe that they can easily get a child for money and then do in vitro fertilization (IVF) 4-5 times. So, in the spring of 2010, I supervised a smoking pregnant 34-year-old Z. after IVF, who first learned from me about the dangers of smoking. But even after that, Z. did not part with her addiction, although the woman had no children. Z.'s husband was also a smoker. It is known that smoking makes it difficult to conceive, but many smoking infertile spouses or those who have lost a child before do not even try to quit smoking, and thereby increase the chance of having a child. Well, why smoke, risking losing such an expensive pregnancy? And if earlier women who underwent removal of the fallopian tubes went to IVF, then modern women go to IVF with intact organs and unexplained causes of infertility. And someone gets pregnant without IVF, if God's help is added to the efforts of doctors. Relying only on money and high technology is not worth it. For some, even IVF does not help. For example, such a case from my practice. The couple, due to the infertility of their husband, which they did not even try to treat, turned to artificial insemination. They just paid for donated sperm. And so three times. For the first time, artificial insemination with donor sperm ended in a miscarriage at 16 weeks of pregnancy. I happened to meet this woman when N., at the age of 27, after the third artificial insemination with donor sperm at 18 weeks of gestation, had sutures on the cervix. N.'s desire to have a child was excessive. I believe that a woman would not be so worried if the reason for which she and her husband had not had children before was eliminated. With God's help, much can be corrected. Priests advise that if the Lord does not give children (even through IVF), do not despair. It is necessary to pray to the Lord, the Most Pure Mother of God and the saints who have been waiting for children for a long time. These are the forefathers Abraham and Sarah, the righteous parents of John the Baptist Zacharias and Elizabeth. Prayers to the Monk Savva the Sanctified, who was a strict monk, also help, but pieces of a palm tree planted by him in the Holy Land (they are distributed by monks at the entrance to the Lavra) help with infertility. Spouses also read a prayer for the gift of children. After all, children are a gift from God, a gift, a reward, just like a caring husband who loves children. It's good when everything fits together and works out well. But if not, it's no coincidence

The desire to have a baby is very correct and organic for the family. But there are times when efforts to get pregnant are in vain. This situation affects the psychological state of both husband and wife. In this regard, the desire for pregnancy sometimes becomes an obsession for spouses or even a cause of disagreement in the family. Therefore, it is very important to determine the reason why a woman cannot become pregnant and act depending on the result. Of course, the factors that cause infertility will help to determine, but let's try to highlight some of them.

According to experts, the probability of becoming pregnant in women gradually decreases over the years. So, at the age of 20-25 years, 95% of the beautiful half of humanity manage to get pregnant, but in the period of 25-35 years, the number of those who manage to conceive a child is reduced by 15%. After 35 years, there is a sharp drop in the rate to 60%. At the same time, not all girls in the prime of life manage to get pregnant right away. Therefore, doctors do not recommend too panic. It is worth asking for help only after two years if you are under thirty, after a year in the period from 30 to 35 years and at a late age after six months of trying to conceive a child. In men, the “fertile” function may not be dulled until old age.

All actions for the occurrence of pregnancy, of course, must be accompanied by the right mindset for a positive result. This will create a favorable climate for conception.

Obviously, both the husband and the wife can be “guilty” of infertility. Among the "female" factors are gynecological, hormonal problems, or both together, stress, hypertension. The problem with weight can also have a negative effect (both its excess and lack of it are harmful), bad habits (smoking, consumption, drug addiction).

In men, these are hormonal or genetic causes, lack of active spermatozoa or the presence of antibodies against their own spermatozoa, poor patency of the vas deferens, surgical or traumatic effects on the genitals, the same bad habits.

It is also possible that a woman who has already given birth cannot become pregnant. This is extremely surprising for her, especially when the first pregnancy and childbirth went without complications, and her health is normal. In this case, think about the fact that, despite the pleasant sensations, the appearance of a child in the family caused difficulties and changed the usual rhythm of your life. Sleepless nights spent at the crib, constant care for him and fatigue caused some stress in your body. Namely, as previously indicated, it can cause infertility. At the same time, unsuccessful attempts to get pregnant further deepen depression and increase stress. After all, it happens that after futile attempts to conceive a baby, a couple comes to terms with the situation, decides to adopt a child, and suddenly the woman becomes pregnant. This is an excellent proof of how important morale and a calm state of mind are.

To restore psychological balance, relieve tension and eliminate depression, depression associated with the inability to become pregnant, contact a specialist, for example, a family psychologist.

But more serious causes of infertility are also possible. To exclude or detect them, contact the antenatal clinic. After the examination, it will become clear what is preventing you from becoming a mother. A number of tests performed will show the state of the body and tell you what treatment you need.

Doctors recommend constantly monitoring the ovulation schedule, especially for older women. After all, conception occurs most often in the period two days before and after it. For most, ovulation occurs on the 12-14th day of the cycle, but it is possible a little earlier. You can determine it with the help of tests or on your own. To do this, carefully monitor the changes in mucous secretions.

Also keep track of the regularity of menstruation. Variations from month to month may indicate that you are not ovulating. This is easily fixed, so seek advice. A regular cycle is an important indicator of the normal functioning of the ovaries and their performance.

Keep track of your basal temperature as well. It will help you learn a lot about the possibility of conception, namely, whether ovulation occurs. If so, the graph will show the temperature increase. He will also determine the level of progesterone. In order for a woman to become pregnant, it is important that he be quite tall. This is evidenced by an increased temperature level after ovulation.

At the appointment, the doctor will offer you to undergo a series of examinations, to pass tests. Do not be surprised if the doctor asks about your "feminine" past. Tell us about whether there were operations, infectious diseases, serious dependence on alcohol, drugs. Past pregnancies are also important, how the process of maturation of the fetus and the birth itself proceeded. Feel free to be honest about your sex life - how often you have sex, how you do it. It is extremely important that the physician get a complete, and most importantly, truthful picture of you and your partner.

You will also be sent for tests to check if your body has enough progesterone, which is responsible for conception and pregnancy.

In addition, the examination includes a postcoital test. It is carried out 6-10 hours after sexual intercourse. The vaginal mucus is examined to find out if it contains antibodies that kill sperm.

If simple tests are not enough, you will have to undergo a more thorough examination in a hospital.

Among the procedures that are needed are a blood test for coagulation, a thyroid gland examination (ultrasound and blood tests, an examination by an endocrinologist), and a karyotype analysis. The latter will help determine possible abnormalities at the chromosomal level.

Undergo an immunological study to exclude individual incompatibility (the presence of antibodies in a woman to her husband's sperm). It is also worth excluding adhesions in the fallopian tubes by passing.

A man is recommended to appear to an andrologist, to undergo a spermogram. It is this analysis that will help to find out if there are any violations in sperm motility, their number, morphology. In addition, too many spermatozoa (polyspermy) are also considered a pathology.

If you have eliminated all the factors that interfere with conception, then seek the advice of another doctor. Let him examine you with fresh eyes. But choose a specialist who has successfully established himself in the field of gynecology.

If you and your husband have no serious problems, then your chances are huge. Practice natural family planning methods. This will bring you closer to achieving your goal. Watch your diet and lead a healthy lifestyle. Include foods high in zinc in your diet. Get rid of bad habits. Also ask your partner not to wear tight underpants and not to overheat, as this reduces the number of active sperm.

Let lovemaking become regular not only in. It has been noticed that there is a direct relationship: an increase in the amount of sex leads to an improvement in the quality of your partner's sperm.

Most importantly, don't lose hope! Less stress and more positive!

Especially for- Maria Bilykovskaya

Listening to their feelings, they were looking for changes in their state and mood, they bought a package with a test in a pharmacy ... But menstruation began in due time. The pregnancy did not occur. Reason for despair?

Of course not!

Of course, there is a possibility of getting pregnant even after the first contact with a partner, however, if this did not happen, you should not make any diagnoses for yourself and think about treatment.

In general, making diagnoses is a matter for physicians, who confidently declare that only those couples who have not had offspring within one and a half to two years should undergo an examination of the ability to bear children!

Therefore, you still have enough time ahead to give rise to a new, so desired for you little life.

The only thing that is required of you now is calmness. You can explore your body - for example, measuring basal temperature and charting, if this will help you find inner balance.

By the way, statistics show that most women aged 18 to 24 become pregnant within three to four months of active sexual activity, but older women - from 35 to 40 years - may take about a year to be successful.

Physiology

However, you should not forget about several other factors that affect the likelihood of conception. Studies conducted on a large number of women have shown that almost every healthy woman can have anovular cycles 1-2 times a year.

What does this mean? That during this cycle the maturation of the egg and its release from the ovary does not occur, so conception is basically impossible.

It is almost impossible to establish the presence or absence of an anovular cycle on your own - it is possible to make assumptions based on regular measurements of basal temperature and changes in sensations, if you usually subtly feel the moment the egg leaves the follicle, however, as mentioned above, the most reliable Ovulation can only be judged by undergoing an ultrasound examination.

Medical research in recent years has led scientists to surprising conclusions. In fact, conception occurs much more often than women think, but in many cases they cannot even notice it. The fact is that nature carefully “culls out” embryos with genetic changes, and, as a rule, they die 3-4 days after the fertilization of the egg, even before they have time to attach to the uterine wall. A woman begins menstruation at the usual time or 1-2 days later, and she does not even know what was happening in her body.

This may also explain why pregnancy, despite all the efforts of the woman, did not occur in this cycle. Do not look for your fault here - it is not here. This is a completely natural process that has occurred at all times and is one of the components of the evolutionary development of mankind.

Psychology

We should not forget the role of psychological factors.

It has long been proven that the physical and psychological state of the body are closely related, and, wishing for pregnancy, on a subconscious level, some women, for one reason or another, may be afraid of its onset.

It seems to someone that in fact they and their spouse are not yet ready for the role of parents and the responsibility that it imposes. Some people are afraid of the exaggerated problems of bearing a child and the pain during childbirth. Some women attach too much importance to the changes that will happen to their appearance during pregnancy, and are afraid of losing their attractiveness.

An experienced psychologist can give many more reasons why a perfectly healthy woman may not be psychologically in the mood for pregnancy.

It may seem counterintuitive to you, but sometimes too much desire to get pregnant as soon as possible is also a inhibitory factor!

Doctors often face such a paradox - for many months a woman carefully follows all the recommendations that increase the likelihood of conception, but pregnancy never occurs. As soon as she gives up on constant scheduling, counting days and every evening "birch", the test shows two long-awaited strips. These facts once again confirm that extremes should be avoided in everything.

Have you consciously made the decision to conceive? This is wonderful - your baby will be loved and desired. But you should not subordinate your whole life to the fulfillment of this “task”, otherwise the path to this goal can tire you very much. Live as you used to live, give preference to healthy food and avoid stress, because the future baby needs a healthy and calm mother, and your body will choose the best time to conceive your heir.

Male conversation - stimulate the reproductive function

Much has been said above about what measures a woman can take to increase the likelihood of conceiving a desired child. However, a man also needs to know what factors make the appearance of his heir more likely.

A very common myth that a man's ability to conceive depends on his potency has no basis. In fact, even problems with potency do not prevent a man from having good sperm.

Lifestyle

To a large extent, how suitable sperm will be for fertilizing an egg depends on lifestyle.

Alcohol is a toxic substance that worsens the quality of spermatozoa and leads to the formation of more germ cells with chromosomal abnormalities.

The use of any drugs is completely unacceptable in the period of preparation for conception, as they not only reduce its likelihood, but also cause serious damage to the health of the unborn baby!

Medicines

The production of sperm in men, like the maturation of eggs in women, is a process regulated by hormones.

You should be very careful about what drugs you are taking.

Often, men who are actively involved in building muscle mass use drugs that include anabolic steroids, which are also prescribed in the treatment of certain diseases. If you are planning to conceive, then it is better for you to refuse such drugs, as they often lead to a decrease in the quality of sperm produced by your body and the number of sperm in it.

Temperature regime

You have probably heard more than once that nature itself took care of maintaining the desired temperature of the male gonads by placing the testicles in the scrotum outside the abdominal cavity. Indeed, the optimal temperature at which spermatogenesis occurs normally in a man is + 35 °. Therefore, when preparing for conception, exclude overheating of these organs, which can be caused by frequent visits to the steam room, work in hot shops, wearing too tight clothes - underwear, especially made from synthetic materials, and tight jeans. Also, a general increase in temperature, which is observed during febrile conditions, can lead to a decrease in the quality of sperm produced by the testicles.

Exposure to very low temperatures can also stop sperm production, but it has no effect on already formed cells.

Age

Age for a man planning to become a father is not as important as for a woman, whose optimal reproductive age is defined as 20-30 years. However, in men, with age, the process of natural withering of the body begins, which is accompanied by a gradual decrease in the level of produced male sex hormones, including testosterone.

The chances of a man to conceive gradually decrease, and the risk of congenital pathologies in an unborn child may also increase. However, these changes are usually noticeable in old age, and at 40-50 years old it still does not matter much.

Health

When planning future fatherhood, you should make sure that you are not a carrier of the pathogens of any sexually transmitted diseases.

Men should always remember that the absence of any external manifestations of the disease does not always indicate the absence of the disease itself, and most of them can significantly reduce the likelihood of conception and adversely affect the health of the unborn child!

Only a doctor will be able to give an objective assessment of your health and, if necessary, prescribe treatment - after you have passed all the recommended examinations.

A common cause of a disruption in the normal production of spermatozoa is a varicocele, an expansion of the vein coming from the testicles and, accordingly, a violation of the outflow of blood through it. Only a doctor can identify this problem, he will also help to cope with it.

The influence on the reproductive system of the male body, no less than that of the female, can be exerted by the presence of certain diseases that are not directly related to the reproductive organs. Often, chronic diseases such as bronchial asthma have an impact on a man's ability to conceive.

Safety at work

Normal sperm production can also be disrupted if a man has to come into contact with toxic substances such as pesticides, herbicides, lead, cadmium, mercury, various oils and gasoline.

Having decided to conceive a child, you should exclude, at least for several months preceding this event, the effect of ionizing radiation on your body.

patterns

When you, based on the female menstrual cycle, choose the optimal days for conception, do not forget that the male body also has its own characteristics in this area. According to scientists, the maximum activity of spermatozoa is observed in the second half of the day - at about 16-18 hours. Therefore, couples who have sex at this time are more likely to conceive.

The regularity of sexual life is also of some importance. Frequent sexual intercourse does not increase the likelihood of conception. In particular, with repeated ejaculations in the sperm of a man, the number of spermatozoa is noticeably reduced! If sexual intercourse occurs after a short period of time, then an excess amount of sperm can increase the likelihood of it flowing out of the woman's vagina.

However, long breaks also do not have a positive effect - in the case of a long-term refusal of sexual activity, sperm motility can significantly decrease.

Based on the foregoing, doctors who want to increase the likelihood of conception recommend short abstinence for several days on the eve of the expected date of ovulation in a woman, and during the release of a mature egg from the ovary, single sexual intercourse every other day.

The more general advice given to men who have decided to become fathers is not much different from the advice given to women who are preparing their bodies for pregnancy. They boil down to following a diet, including foods rich in vitamins and minerals in the daily diet, as well as multivitamin preparations containing folic acid.

Moderate exercise that helps keep your whole body toned are all important steps towards the arrival of your long-awaited baby.

Eco

In vitro fertilization - the so-called "in vitro conception" - which seemed like a fantasy a few decades ago, has now become a common medical procedure in many countries, enabling couples with any form of infertility to experience the happiness of parenthood.

The first attempts to carry out fertilization outside the human body were made about 2 centuries ago, but they were successful only at the end of the 20th century - the IVF method was first used in the UK in 1977, and in 1978 the girl Louise Brown was born. In the USSR, IVF was first performed in 1986.

The essence of the method

During in vitro fertilization, male and female germ cells are combined in a test tube, after which the embryos (as a rule, several) are planted in the body of a woman (possibly a surrogate mother).

As a result of IVF, multiple pregnancies are not uncommon, because to guarantee success, several developing embryos are replanted at the same time. However, doctors do not recommend leaving more than 2-3 embryos in the uterus.

Doctors estimate the success of this procedure at about 20-30%.

Worldwide, today there are more than four million children born in pro-| Birke, many of whom are now parents themselves. In Russia, more than 25,000 babies were conceived in vitro.

This method is recommended in cases where the cause of infertility cannot be eliminated - when the patency of the fallopian tubes is irreversibly impaired after inflammatory diseases or the fallopian tubes are lost due to ectopic pregnancies.

Successful pregnancy is also possible for women in menopause or with ovaries removed (in this case, fertilization of a donor egg is used).

If the cause of a couple's infertility is an insufficient amount of sperm or a low sperm count, doctors may suggest taking the seminal fluid and artificially introducing it into the woman's body. However, this procedure gives less chance of success than in vitro fertilization.

Contraindication to the procedure - a woman's health conditions in which pregnancy and childbirth can cause deterioration or be dangerous for the mother or child.

Where to begin

The first stage of preparation for IVF is a thorough medical examination of both partners. The couple will be prescribed blood tests for hormones and the identification of a number of diseases, an examination for STDs, an ultrasound scan is mandatory for a woman, and a spermogram is examined for a man.

One of the main disadvantages of this procedure is its high cost. However, at present, in our country J, infertile couples have the opportunity to undergo IVF on a quota basis.

Hormonal preparation and oocyte retrieval

When the decision to conduct IVF is made, the female body undergoes special training with the help of hormonal preparations. Their intake allows you to stimulate the simultaneous maturation of more follicles than with a normal cycle. A woman receives injections or tablets of hormonal preparations for 1-3 weeks, after which mature eggs can be collected.

In some cases, doctors decide to completely take control of the woman's menstrual cycle - with the help of a special drug that releases gonadotropin, the woman's natural cycle is suppressed. A subsequent injection of hMG or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulates egg maturation and ovulation. All these procedures imply constant monitoring by physicians, since taking hormonal drugs can have side effects.

The stimulation scheme (protocol) is chosen by the doctor individually for each woman!

Monitoring the level of hormones in the blood and ultrasound can accurately determine the readiness of the eggs to exit the ovary.

On an outpatient basis, under the control of ultrasound under general or local anesthesia, the follicles are punctured. This procedure is well established and in most cases proceeds without complications, although in rare cases bleeding is possible.

The oocytes washed from the follicular fluid are placed in a special medium in a Petri dish and stored in an incubator.

Sperm collection

Depending on the state of health of the man, the seminal fluid is obtained either by the usual way of ejaculation (as in the case of tests) or with the help of medical manipulations. If necessary, doctors perform a testicular puncture under general anesthesia. If it is intended to use donor sperm (or previously obtained partner sperm), then it is thawed.

In vitro

Using modern equipment, embryologists create conditions for the connection of male and female germ cells outside the human body - this happens in a special container in a nutrient medium, after which the container is placed in an incubator.

The simplest method is called "insemination in vitro" - eggs and sperm suspension are placed in one container, and fertilization occurs within 2 - 3 hours.

The second method is called ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) and involves the introduction of sperm into the egg using special tools. This method is usually used when the quality of the sperm is poor.

The procedure for extracting cells and fertilizing them takes about half a day.

2-4 days pass and, in case of favorable development of events, you can proceed to the next stage.

Embryo diagnostics

This study of developing embryos is necessarily carried out at the stage of preparation for implantation.

Pre-implantation diagnostics makes it possible to detect chromosomal diseases and gross malformations of embryos. At the same stage, it is also possible to determine the sex of the unborn child, but the choice of the sex of the embryo is prohibited in our country.

Implantation

While the egg is being fertilized and the embryos are developing, the woman is constantly taking the hormone progesterone, preparing the uterus for implantation. The success of this procedure largely depends on the thickness of the uterine endometrium!

Using a special catheter, one or more embryos are placed into the woman's uterus. This procedure is painless, it is carried out in an ordinary gynecological chair for several minutes, and usually does not subsequently require any special regimen, although, of course, increased psychological and physical stress is contraindicated for a woman.

Usually, women under 40 are implanted with no more than two embryos at a time. Women over 40 are recommended to have three embryos implanted. The remaining embryos are subjected to cryopreservation - freezing and storage at liquid nitrogen temperature.

Development of pregnancy

After implantation, the level of hormones in the body of the future mother is monitored every few days, and after 12 days it is necessary to conduct a pregnancy test.

Successful implantation of the embryo occurs in about one in four cases in women under 30 years old, and about 9 out of 10 pregnancies are successfully completed.

The younger the woman, the healthier her eggs, the higher the chances of IVF success. The chances of those couples who already have children are also highly valued.

According to statistics, women with a normal body weight are more likely to get pregnant - a BMI of 19 to 30. So, getting rid of extra pounds or gaining the missing ones, you can increase the likelihood of a successful IVF outcome.

If a multiple pregnancy develops, at the request of the parents and the doctor's recommendation, a reduction (removal) of a part of the embryos can be carried out.

New try

Since no one guarantees a 100% result during the IVF procedure, many couples are forced to resort to using this method more than once - a successful pregnancy can occur from the 8th to the 10th attempt, although, according to statistics, pregnancy is unlikely after three unsuccessful attempts.

In general, this procedure is quite safe, but the question of its repetition should be decided by each couple individually after consultation with the doctor.

For repeated IVF attempts, embryos obtained from the first fertilization and frozen for storage can be used.

Complications

The most common problem that has to be solved during IVF is the reaction of embryos during multiple pregnancies, in some cases leading to miscarriage.

About 25% of women undergoing IVF procedure become mothers of twins. With natural conception, this outcome is possible in one case out of 80.

Taking hormonal drugs in preparation for egg retrieval can cause OHSS, accompanied by pain in the abdominal cavity, bloating. Therefore, any unusual and unpleasant sensations during hormonal preparation are a reason to consult a doctor!

The onset of an ectopic pregnancy during in vitro fertilization is almost impossible.

no pregnancy occurs

Common mistakes that prevent pregnancy

Having decided to conceive a child, the couple begins attempts to achieve pregnancy. But it is not enough to know on which day of the menstrual cycle unprotected intercourse should take place.

The likelihood of conception is influenced by many factors. If pregnancy does not occur, you may be doing something wrong.

Consider the typical mistakes that couples can make during pregnancy planning.

low calorie diet

The body perceives a lack of calories as a threat to existence. There is not enough energy and plastic material for the production of hormones, the normal functioning of the genital organs and the maturation of germ cells.

A prolonged calorie deficit is the easiest way to anovulation (lack of ovulation) and the inability to conceive a child.

In men, the normal process of spermatogenesis is disrupted. The amount of ejaculate and the normal forms of spermatozoa contained in it decreases.

Therefore, instead of diets with a calorie deficit, it is worth making a complete diet, the calorie content of which covers the need for energy. It is worth remembering that it must contain proteins, fats and carbohydrates in sufficient quantities.

Vegetarianism

The basic structure of the body is protein. It is best absorbed from meat and meat products. In addition, the body receives the greatest amount of iron from food of animal origin.

Vegetarianism, although considered one of the options for a healthy diet, may not always cover the body's need for proteins. Vegetable protein has an incomplete amino acid composition.

Therefore, if pregnancy does not occur, the reasons for this may lie in vegetarianism. When planning a family, you should temporarily abandon such a diet. The same must be done during pregnancy if you do not want to harm your baby.

Sauna

Sauna improves blood circulation, which is very useful for any person, but not for the future father. After all, the male sex glands that produce gametes are outside the body for a reason.

Spermatozoa are very sensitive to high temperatures, so nature made sure that the testicles of men were in temperature conditions no higher than 34 degrees.

If your spouse does not get pregnant, you can increase the chances of conception by refusing this pleasant wellness procedure while planning a pregnancy. After getting the long-awaited result, he will be able to reward himself with a trip to the sauna, and it will be even more pleasant after a long break.

Shower after intimacy

You conscientiously calculated the most favorable day for conception. They did everything to make the pregnancy test positive this time. But it turned out to be negative again. What is the reason?

One of the common mistakes is to immediately after making love to go to the shower or take a bath. Wait at least two hours, or better yet, even more time for the male reproductive cells to arrive at their destination. They can be “helped” if, immediately after contact, the woman assumes a position in which the pelvis is slightly raised. To do this, you can put a roller under the buttocks.

Erroneous frequency of intercourse

The maturation of both male and female germ cells requires a certain amount of time. Everyone knows that it takes about 14 days for an egg to mature.

But only a few people know that spermatozoa, which previously go through the stages of spermatogenesis, “grow” with flagella and an acrosome in the lumen of the seminiferous tubule for another 3-4 days.

These organelles are very important in fertilization: the flagellum determines the motility of spermatozoa and their ability to reach the oocyte. The acrosome contains an enzyme that dissolves the protective shell of the egg, due to which fertilization occurs.

When planning a pregnancy, take a break between episodes of intimacy. 3-4 days is quite enough - at long intervals, stagnation and thickening of sperm occur, which negatively affects the viability and fertility of spermatozoa.

With too frequent contacts (for example, daily), semen may not be enough or it will be too liquid. Which also greatly reduces the chance of conception.

It is also important to consider the days of the menstrual cycle, the most favorable for conception. Most often it is from about the 10th to the 16th days of the cycle.

Fruitless attempts for over a year

It is not so scary if a couple who cannot conceive on their own for a year is young. But often problems with conception lie in wait for spouses who are at an older reproductive age. And here it is important not to waste precious time.

With infertility, there is always a certain reason why conception is impossible. Postponing the search for this cause, the spouses only exacerbate the current situation.